WASHINGTON \u2014
Will President Donald Trump usher in a new era for U. S.-Russian relations, or are the two powers going to continue down the path as geopolitical foes?
Now that Russian President Vladimir Putin has held his first conversation with America\u2019s newly inaugurated leader, attention turns to the fate of U. S. sanctions against Moscow and whether the two will look to enhance military cooperation against the Islamic State group.
Trump was noncommittal about whether he was considering lifting the economic sanctions ahead of the call, telling reporters Friday, \u201cWe\u2019ll see what happens. As far as the sanctions, very early to be talking about that.\u201d
While the White House has yet to comment on Saturday\u2019s phone call, the Kremlin released a statement hinting that the two men discussed the sanctions, implemented by the Obama administration as a consequence of Russia\u2019s actions in Ukraine.
The two leaders emphasized the importance of \u201crestoring mutually beneficial trade and economic ties between business circles of the two countries, which could additionally stimulate the incremental and sustainable development of the bilateral relationship,\u201d the Kremlin said.
Putin and Trump will also maintain \u201cregular personal contact\u201d and will begin preparations for a face-to-face meeting.
The Kremlin has applauded Trump\u2019s promises to rebuild U. S.-Russian relations, which have been pushed to their worst level since the Cold War by the Ukraine crisis, war in Syria and allegations of Russian meddling in U. S. elections.
The Kremlin said that Putin and Trump spoke in particular about international issues, including the fight against terrorism, the Arab-Israeli conflict, Iran\u2019s nuclear program, the situation on the Korean peninsula and the Ukraine crisis.
\u201cThe presidents spoke out in favor of the establishment of real coordination of Russian and American actions with the aim of destroying the Islamic State,\u201d according to the statement.
In 2014, Russia annexed Ukraine\u2019s Crimea region and backed separatists fighting government forces in eastern Ukraine, drawing widespread condemnation in Europe and the United States.
In response, sanctions were implemented against sectors of Russia\u2019s economy, including financial services, energy, mining and defense. The Obama administration also sanctioned people in Putin\u2019s inner circle.
Shortly before leaving office, President Barack Obama also ordered sanctions on Russian spy agencies, closed two Russian compounds in the United States and expelled 35 diplomats that he said were really spies. These sanctions followed an assessment by U. S. intelligence that Moscow meddled in the 2016 election to help Trump become president.
Trump\u2019s tempered approach to U. S.-Russia relations has already raised concern among several European allies who believe keeping Russia in check is essential to regional security.
British Prime Minister Theresa May, whose country \u2014 as part of the European Union \u2014 also has punished Russia for its provocations in Ukraine, voiced the view of many in Europe, telling reporters in Washington on Friday: \u201cWe believe the sanctions should continue.\u201d
Vice President Mike Pence and other senior advisers joined Trump for the call with Putin, including his national security adviser, retired Gen. Michael Flynn, chief of staff Reince Priebus and senior strategist Steve Bannon. Trump also spoke on Saturday with the leaders of Japan, Germany, France and Australia.
Two Republican senators \u2014 Arizona\u2019s John McCain, chairman of the Armed Services Committee, and Ohio\u2019s Rob Portman, a member of the Foreign Relations Committee \u2014warned the White House about easing any punishments on Moscow and they pledged to turn the sanctions into law.
\u201cI hope President Trump will put an end to this speculation and reject such a reckless course,\u201d McCain said in a statement. \u201cIf he does not, I will work with my colleagues to codify sanctions against Russia into law.\u201d
Portman said lifting the sanctions \u201cfor any reason other than a change in the behavior that led to those sanctions in the first place would send a dangerous message to a world already questioning the value of American leadership and the credibility of our commitments after eight years of Obama administration policies.\u201d
McCain has emerged as a frequent critic of Trump among Capitol Hill Republicans. He takes a dim view of trying to reset relations with Moscow and says Trump should remember that Putin is \u201ca murderer and a thug who seeks to undermine American national security interests at every turn.\u201d
\u201cFor our commander in chief to think otherwise would be naive and dangerous,\u201d McCain said.
McCain and Portman are part of a bipartisan group of senators who have introduced legislation designed to go beyond the punishments against Russia already levied by Obama and to demonstrate to Trump that forcefully responding to Moscow\u2019s meddling isn\u2019t a partisan issue.
The bill would impose mandatory visa bans and freeze the financial assets of anyone who carries out cyberattacks against public or private computer systems and democratic institutions.
The legislation also mandates sanctions in Russia\u2019s all-important energy sector and on investments in the development of civil nuclear projects to rebuke Moscow for its provocations in eastern Ukraine and military support for Syrian President Bashar Assad.
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