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Mastering the iPhone 15 Pro camera: Here's what Apple's marketing terms actually mean

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The iPhone 15 Pro is packed with high-end camera features aimed at professional photographers and videographers. Here’s the breakdown of what’s new.
Apple put a lot of its focus on the professional camera features in the new iPhone 15 Pro and Pro Max during this week’s launch event.
In fact, Apple dropped so many concepts, terms, and acronyms in such a short space of time that it might have left your head spinning. 
Fear not, as now we have time to breathe, we can go back over these features and explain their significance.
Let’s start with the information dump in this one slide:
Focal length is a shorthand for explaining how wide an image the camera lens will capture. The smaller the number, the wider the capture. 
Technically here, the lens isn’t a 24 millimeter lens, but a 24 millimeter-equivalent lens, but we will overlook that.
2.44 µm (micron) is the size of the pixels capturing the light in the sensor, and quad-pixel refers to how four pixels are grouped to act as a larger 2.44 micron pixel. 
Each 2×2 grouping of pixels is assigned a single color, and four of these pixel bundles are then grouped together in two green bundles and one blue and red bundle. Green gets more pixels because the human eye is the most sensitive to that color.
100% focus pixels means all the pixels are used for the purposes of focusing the image. In the past, only some of the pixels were used, but using all the pixels is now common in high-end sensors.
Aperture refers to how much light is let onto the sensor by the lens, and is measured in f-stop numbers. The lower this number, the more light the lens lets in.

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