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HBM4 could finally double memory bandwidth to 2,048-bit

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Over time, HBM manufacturers such as SK Hynix and Samsung improved upon HBM’s shortcomings. The first update, HBM2, doubled potential speeds to 256 GB/s per stack and.
In context: The first iteration of high-bandwidth memory (HBM) was somewhat limited, only allowing speeds of up to 128 GB/s per stack. However, there was one major caveat: graphics cards that used HBM1 had a cap of 4 GB of memory due to physical limitations.
Over time, HBM manufacturers such as SK Hynix and Samsung improved upon HBM’s shortcomings. The first update, HBM2, doubled potential speeds to 256 GB/s per stack and the maximum capacities to 8 GB. In 2018, HBM2 received a minor update (HBM2E), which further increased capacity limits to 24 GB and brought another speed increase, eventually hitting 460 GB/s per chip at its peak.
When HBM3 rolled out, the speed doubled again, allowing for a maximum of 819 GB/s per stack.

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