The events of the last 24 hours have rocked the political world.
Below I’ve attempted to unpack and answer some of the most pressing questions.
1. Which one is a bigger deal — Manafort or Cohen?
They’re both big deals, but the Cohen plea deal — especially his testimony that he negotiated payments to women alleging affairs with Trump at the candidate’s direction — is the bigger deal. Of the eight charges Cohen plead guilty to as part of the plea deal, two of them were about breaking campaign finance laws. He testified that «in coordination and at the direction of a candidate for federal office» he made payments to hush former porn star Stormy Daniels about an alleged affair with Trump through a shell company named Essential Consultants LLC that he set up to disguise the transactions.
Those transactions are a violation of campaign finance law, which limits contributions to a candidate from any single person to $2,700 per campaign. Cohen paid Daniels $130,000 and urged the National Enquirer to make a similar payment to former Playboy model Karen McDougal for $150,000 in exchange for their silence. That Cohen was willing to testify that he did so at the direction of Trump suggests that the President of the United States in an unindicted co-conspirator in a felony. Which is a very big deal.
2. Why was Donald Trump’s name not mentioned in the Cohen plea deal?
The plea documents don’t mention Trump by name, they only refer to an Individual-1 who by January 2017 «had become the President of the United States.» CNN’s Kara Scannell notes that it’s Southern District of New York practice (as well as the practice of the rest of the Justice Department) not to identify individuals or entities that they don’t charge with crimes.
3. Will Trump be indicted?
Almost certainly not.
That’s not necessarily because he hasn’t done anything wrong but rather because of long-standing Justice Department protocols — established during Watergate and affirmed during Bill Clinton’s impeachment — that a sitting president cannot be indicted. Trump lawyer Rudy Giuliani cited this practice in an interview with CNN in May:
«The Justice Department memos going back to before Nixon say that you cannot indict a sitting president, you have to impeach him. Now there was a little time in which there was some dispute about that, but they acknowledged to us orally that they understand that they can’t violate the Justice Department rules.»
The Justice Department’s stance on indicting a sitting president has never been challenged in court — and there are some who believe that, if it was, there’s a reasonable chance such a challenge could succeed. But Mueller, at least according to Giuliani, isn’t likely to go down that legally perilous road. (For much more on the legal debate about indicting a sitting president, read this .)
4. Will Trump be impeached?
That is a much more interesting — and relevant — question. Impeachment is a political process whereas indictment is a legal one. Even before what happened on Tuesday, impeachment was always more likely than indictment for Trump.
The chances of Democrats pursuing articles of impeachment against Trump if they win back control of the House this November definitely increased on Tuesday but it’s very hard to say how much. It’s definitely below 50-50 at this point as even unapologetic Trump critics like Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D) were unwilling to use the «i word» following the Cohen and Manafort news. «What Congress needs to do right now is we need to make sure that special (counsel) Mueller is fully protected from being fired by Donald Trump,» Warren told CNN’s John Berman on Tuesday morning when asked whether impeachment should now be on the table.
5. Is it smart politics for Democrats to run on impeachment this fall? Are party leaders and base activists in the same place on this?
The second question is a lot easier to answer than the first. And the answer is «no.»
The base badly wants Trump impeached. They believe he has already committed high crimes and misdemeanors related to Russia’s role in the 2016 election. Late last year 58 Democratic members of Congress supported an effort by Texas Rep. Al Green to bring articles of impeachment against Trump. But people like Warren and House Minority leader Nancy Pelosi of California have continued to stay away from making the 2018 election about impeaching the President. On Wednesday, Pelosi said that impeachment was «not a priority» for Democrats.
Should it be? That’s the tougher question. Here’s a window into Pelosi’s thinking: Impeachment makes the Democratic base super passionate. That’s good. But they are already beyond passionate about turning out to vote this fall to send Trump a message. So the only possible outcome of pushing impeachment is to potentially alienate voters in the middle who could be the difference between winning and losing the House. (David Axelrod, a CNN contributor and Barack Obama’s longtime chief strategist, laid out the case against impeachment talk in a conversation I had with him earlier this year .)
6. What does any of this have to do with the Russia investigation?
On Tuesday afternoon, Matt Schlapp, the head of the American Conservative Union and a prominent Trump supporter, tweeted this: «So all this legal activity strange I see no ‘Russian collusion’ in any breaking news. Odd.»
Which, on one level, is sort of accurate. The Manafort conviction deals with crimes committed well before he came into Trump’s orbit in April 2016. It deals with financial malfeasance in Ukraine. And of the eight counts that Cohen pleaded guilty to on Tuesday, only two have any tie at all to the Trump campaign.
Here’s where Schlapp’s point breaks down: Both the Cohen and Manafort convictions come directly as a result of the Mueller investigation. And, in the document establishing the Mueller special counsel probe, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein makes crystal clear that Mueller is «authorized to prosecute federal crimes arising from the investigation of these matters.»
The other thing to keep in mind is that we simply don’t know what Mueller knows — and how Manafort and Cohen tie into what he knows. Both men were in Trump’s inner circle for critical moments during the campaign. It may turn out that neither one had anything to do with Russia or the broader Russia probe. But to conclude they didn’t when we still haven’t seen a single word of Mueller’s report is like leaving a basketball game in the second quarter and declaring that the team that was ahead when you departed «won.»
7. Where is Michael Cohen right now?
Probably at home in New York. But definitely not in jail. CNN’s Kara Scannell pointed me toward this note entered in court on Tuesday regarding Cohen’s bond and whereabouts:
«Entered as to Michael Cohen: $500,000 Personal Recognizance Bond; Co-signed by wife and 1 additional financially responsible person; Travel restricted to Southern District of New York, Eastern District of New York. Southern District of Florida, Northern District of Illinois, and Washington D. C.; Passport to be surrendered to counsel — (No new applications); Surrender to law enforcement within 24 hours all firearms and ammunition.»
Cohen is set to be sentenced in December and could face as much as 65 years in prison.
8. Where is Paul Manafort right now?
He’s in an Alexandria, Virginia, jail awaiting sentencing, according to CNN’s Evan Perez. Manafort has been incarcerated since June when a judge revoked his bail and demanded that he spend his days in jail prior to his trial. (Manafort had been accused of repeatedly attempting to speak to witnesses in the case). No sentencing date has been set but Manafort faces up to 80 years in prison for the eight charges on which he was convicted.
9. Why didn’t prosecutors make Michael Cohen agree to be a cooperating witness in the Mueller probe?
A good question, with no obvious right answer.
