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ノーベル経済学賞に米セイラー氏=「行動経済学」の先駆者

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【ロンドン時事】 スウェーデン王立科学アカデミーは9日、 2017年の ノーベル経済学賞を米シカゴ大の リチャード・ セイラー教授(72)に授与すると発表した。 心理学を経済学に応用した「行動経済学」 への 貢献が評価された。 〔写真特集〕日本の ノーベル賞受賞者 同アカデミー
【ロンドン時事】スウェーデン王立科学アカデミーは9日、2017年のノーベル経済学賞を米シカゴ大のリチャード・セイラー教授(72)に授与すると発表した。心理学を経済学に応用した「行動経済学」への貢献が評価された。
〔写真特集〕日本のノーベル賞受賞者
同アカデミーは授賞理由について、人間の非合理的な性質が経済活動を行う際の意思決定にどう影響を与えるかを読み解き、この分野の先駆者として多大な実績を挙げたと説明した。 経済学では一般的に、複雑な現実を分かりやすく捉えるため、人間が合理的に行動する生き物だという仮定に基づいて理論を組み立てる。しかし、セイラー氏は人間の非合理性に着目。心理学の実証実験も活用しながら、人間の合理性の限界や好みの違い、自制心の弱さが投資などの判断を左右することを理論的に実証した。 授賞式はストックホルムで12月10日に開かれる。賞金は900万スウェーデンクローナ(約1億2500万円)。(2017/10/09-20:37) 関連ニュース
【国際記事一覧へ】 【アクセスランキング】

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Word war erupts among Trump’s wives after first wife, Ivana, claims to be first lady

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Ivana and Melania Trump exchange fire on who is first lady
Things are getting a little “Real Housewives” around the White House.
In one of the stranger sideshows to his presidency, President Donald Trump’s first and third wives, Ivana and Melania, respectively, on Monday had a very public war of words – and his second wife, Marla Maples, is getting some shade out of the spat, to boot.
To promote her new book, “Raising Trump,” about parenting Trump’s three eldest children, Ivana Trump gave an interview on Monday to “Good Morning America” in which she made some comments sure to privately raise the hackles of the woman currently occupying the role of Wife of Donald.
“I’m basically first Trump wife. OK?” Ivana Trump said. “I’m first lady.”
She offered faux sympathy for Melania Trump, saying “I think for her to be in Washington must be terrible.” She had less subtle insults for her ex’s second wife, Marla Maples. “A showgirl” was her epithet of choice.
But instead of letting those slights ride, Melania Trump took a page out of her husband’s playbook, the one that famously decrees he hit back harder at anyone who takes a swing. Her spokeswoman, Stephanie Grisham, dispatched a crisp response dismissing Ivana’s remarks as “attention seeking” from someone who just wants to sell books and making clear that Melania Trump does not, in fact, hate her Washington life.
“Mrs Trump has made the White House a home for Barron and the President. She loves living in Washington, DC and is honoured by her role as First Lady of the United States. She plans to use her title and role to help children, not sell books.”
And the coda is the real clap-back: “There is clearly no substance to this statement from an ex, this is unfortunately only attention-seeking and self-serving noise.”
This all started innocently enough. Ivana Trump has a book to promote. Her new memoir drops in less than 24 hours and she’s doing a publicity blitz. She revealed that she has a direct line to the White House and her ex-husband, but she doesn’t use it lest the current Mrs Trump get the wrong idea.
“I [don’t] really want to call him there, because Melania is there. And I don’t want to cause any kind of jealousy or something like that, because I’m basically first Trump wife. OK? I’m first lady,” she said.
OK!
But she feels for Melania Trump, she really does.
“I think for her to be in Washington must be terrible,” said Trump of the actual first lady. “It’s better her than me. I would hate Washington.”
Hating Washington, however, does not preclude her ability to rule it with an iron fist, if she had the inclination, the former Mrs Trump made sure to note.
“Would I straighten up the White House in 14 days? Absolutely. Can I give the speech for 45 minutes without [a] teleprompter? Absolutely. Can I read a contract? Can I negotiate? Can I entertain? Absolutely. But I would not really like to be there. I like my freedom,” Ivana Trump said, in what could also be perceived as a dig against Melania Trump.

© Source: http://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/2114616/word-war-erupts-among-trumps-wives-after-first-wife
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ESPN suspends Jemele Hill after her tweets about Cowboys owner Jerry Jones

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ESPN host Jemele Hill is suspended for two weeks after violating the company’s social media policy twice, ESPN said Monday.
ESPN host Jemele Hill has been suspended for two weeks for violating the company’s social media policy twice, the network announced on Twitter Monday.
The SportsCenter host posted several tweets about Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones threatening to bench players for “disrespecting the flag” during the national anthem.
On Sunday, Hill tweeted that Jones “has created a problem for his players, specifically the black ones.”
Hill said that fans who disagree with Jones should target the team’s advertisers and not buy the team’s merchandise.
She clarified Monday she was not calling for an NFL boycott.
Hill «previously acknowledged letting her colleagues and company down with an impulsive tweet,» ESPN said in a statement posted to Twitter. “In the aftermath, all employees were reminded of how individual tweets may reflect negatively on ESPN and that such actions would have consequences. Hence this decision.»
ESPN did not specify which tweets Hill was suspended for.
Hill was criticized by some last month for calling President Donald Trump a white supremacist on Twitter.
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© Source: http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/nation-world/national/article177905926.html
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US-Turkey visa issuances halted by both countries in diplomatic standoff

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Both countries suspended visa issuances in a diplomatic tit-for-tat.
Relations between the U. S. and Turkey took a nosedive over the weekend, with the two countries suspending visa issuances for each other in a diplomatic tit-for-tat that could have dangerous repercussions.
Longtime allies, the suspensions are the latest barb in a steady decline in relations over the last couple of years, at a time when both face dangerous new threats.
The U. S. was first to halt visas, releasing a statement on Twitter Sunday that said the U. S. has been “forced” to reassess Turkey’s “commitment … to the security of U. S. Mission facilities and personnel.”
“In order to minimize the number of visitors to our Embassy and Consulates while this assessment proceeds, effective immediately we have suspended all nonimmigrant visa services at all U. S. diplomatic facilities in Turkey,” they said.
Statement from the U. S. Mission to Turkey pic.twitter.com/RjTU3BfSXZ
The announcement came just three days after Turkey charged a Turkish national who worked at the U. S. consulate in Istanbul, although the State Department didn’t explicitly link the two.
The man, identified as Metin Topuz, is charged for alleged ties to the Gulenist movement — followers of Fetullah Gulen, a Turkish preacher who is a legal permanent resident in exile in the U. S. and is blamed by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan for a failed coup attempt last summer. Gulen has denied involvement, but Erdogan has cracked down on Gulen’s supporters, other political opponents and journalists since then.
The U. S., however, has called any charges against Topuz “wholly without merit” and “deeply” disturbing, according to a statement from the U. S. mission. “We are in contact with law enforcement to determine the reason for that arrest,” a State Department official added last week.
This is the U. S.’s second local employee to be arrested this year, after Hamza Ulucay was arrested in March, reportedly for ties to the Kurdish terror group the PKK. An employee of the U. S. consulate in Adana, he is still being detained by Turkish authorities.
Turkey said neither men had diplomatic immunity as Turkish citizens and dismissed the condemnations from the U. S.
But hours after the U. S. made the announcement about visas, Turkey tweeted their own message Sunday, seeming to echo much of the language.
“Recent Events have forced the Turkish Government to reassess the commitment of the Government of the U. S. to the security of the Turkish Mission facilities and personnel,” the statement read in part.
“In order to minimize the number of visitors to our diplomatic and consular missions in the U. S. while this assessment proceeds, effective immediately we have suspended all visa services regarding the U. S. citizens at our diplomatic and consular missions in the U. S.,” it added.
The bickering comes at a particularly fraught moment between the U. S. and its key NATO ally where America has an airbase vital to the fight against ISIS and home to a stockpile of 50 nuclear bombs.
Turkey has been incensed and increasingly willing to lash out over America’s support for Kurdish groups in Iraq and Syria who are fighting ISIS. The U. S. won’t abandon them because they are the strongest fighting forces, although like Turkey, America has labeled the Kurdish separatist group within Turkey’s borders, the PKK, a terrorist group.
In the face of America’s support, Turkey has grown increasingly closer to Iran, which has its own Kurdish population seeking independence that it wants to suppress. Erdogan appeared alongside Ayatollah Khomeini last week, denouncing the referendum by the Kurds in Iraq.
Turkey’s cooperation is also crucial for the U. S. as it tries to interdict Westerners traveling in and out of Syria to fight with ISIS and al Qaeda’s affiliate, especially as ISIS crumbles on the battlefield and many of those foreign fighters are fleeing. That cooperation could now be jeopardized.

© Source: http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-turkey-visa-issuances-halted-countries-diplomatic-standoff/story?id=50376337
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ESPN suspends Jemele Hill after call for NFL sponsor boycott

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Hill, who went to Michigan State, had been cautioned about her tweets after calling President Donald Trump a white supremacist.
Sportscaster Jemele Hill was suspended by ESPN after calling on fans to boycott sponsors of the NFL’s Dallas Cowboys.
The sports TV personality was suspended for two weeks for her “second violation of our social media guidelines,” ESPN, owned by Walt Disney Co., said in a statement Monday that was posted on Twitter.
Hill, who went to Michigan State, had been cautioned about her tweets after calling President Donald Trump a white supremacist. In her latest outburst, she called on backers of NFL players’ national anthem protests to target advertisers. Her comments came after Cowboys owner Jerry Jones ordered his players to stand during the “Star-Spangled Banner.”
“If you strongly reject what Jerry Jones said, the key is his advertisers,” Hill wrote. “Don’t place the burden squarely on the players.”

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No one knew about Harvey Weinstein? Give me a break

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No one knew. That’s the party line in Hollywood regarding Harvey Weinstein, the once-powerful producer revealed as a decades-long sexual predator. This…
No one knew.
That’s the party line in Hollywood regarding Harvey Weinstein, the once-powerful producer revealed as a decades-long sexual predator.
This morning — five days after the New York Times exposé and hours after Weinstein was fired from his company — Meryl Streep, Hollywood’s grande dame, issued a statement.
“Not everybody knew,” Streep said in part. “I didn’t know.” She called Weinstein’s alleged behavior “disgraceful” and “appalling.”
“And if everybody knew,” she continued, “I don’t believe that all the investigative reporters in the entertainment and the hard news media would have neglected for decades to write about it.”
That last claim isn’t just unfair; it’s incorrect. In the wake of Thursday’s exposé, multiple high-profile journalists reported their own attempts over decades to break the story. On The Cut, Rebecca Traister wrote that in 2000, while covering a pre-election party Weinstein was throwing, Weinstein called her a “c – t” in response to a question he didn’t like, then threw another reporter down a flight of stairs and dragged him outside in a headlock. Such was Weinstein’s power, Traister wrote, that no other reporters covered the incident and no photos ever appeared.
Veteran Hollywood reporter Kim Masters wrote that she had a confrontation with Weinstein over this very issue 20 years ago. Sharon Waxman wrote that she tried to break the story in 2004, but after pressure from Weinstein and calls from defenders Russell Crowe and Matt Damon, the Times softened and buried it.
Professional good-guy Damon serving as Harvey Weinstein’s character witness only adds to the sordidness. Damon has four daughters. Where is he now?
As recently as September, Weinstein also reportedly enlisted George Clooney, Johnny Depp, Heidi Klum and Ryan Gosling to defend him against charges of re-routing $600,000 in funds raised for amfAR, the world’s leading AIDS charity, to help stage a musical.
George Clooney, another professional good guy, is rumored to have political aspirations. What could he be thinking?
AmfAR board chairman Kenneth Cole defended Weinstein. “This wasn’t just a man on the street asking — it was someone who has raised a lot of money for us,” he told the Times. “One tends to address requests based on whom they’re coming from.”
It’s precisely this sliding scale of moral outrage — no behavior is that bad if it’s our guy doing it — that alienates middle America, red-state America, from Hollywood. Awards show ratings have been on the decline since 2014, partly because no one wants to hear lectures from the hypocritical Hollywood elite — defenders of Woody Allen and Roman Polanski — on how to live, whom to vote for, what to believe.
Hollywood has no problem weaponizing itself as a single organism against people, ideas and causes the community deems unimpeachable: gun control, immigration, the Republican party, the removal of Donald Trump.
Not so when it comes to one of its own. Doubt over Weinstein’s guilt isn’t the animating factor; as Brooks Barnes reported in the Times, Weinstein’s been the main topic of industry conversation, but few want to speak up.
“There is still a lot of fear,” Variety editor Claudia Eller said. “Is Harvey really done?”
Actress Rose McGowan, who reached a settlement with Weinstein after a 1997 “incident,” took to Twitter.
“Ladies of Hollywood,” she wrote, “your silence is deafening.”
On October 8, McGowan posed a photo of herself taken that same year, writing, “This is the girl that was hurt by a monster. This is who you are shaming with your silence.”
Why won’t Hollywood weaponize against Weinstein? The balance of power has firmly shifted. How perverse that the industry fears Weinstein isn’t done. Only they could make it so.
What’s more ripe for satire than a grossly overweight, pockmarked bully calling one slender actress a “fat pig” while chasing unwilling starlets around hotel rooms? Yet this weekend “Saturday Night Live” — revived by mocking Donald Trump weekly — avoided Weinstein altogether. Lorne Michaels admitted he killed related jokes after dress rehearsal. “It’s a New York thing,” he said.
A “New York thing” making global headlines.
At January’s Golden Globes, Streep made a full-throated and fair denunciation of Donald Trump. “There was one performance this year that stunned me . .. It was that moment when the person asking to sit in the most respected seat in our country imitated a disabled reporter. Someone he outranked in privilege, power and the capacity to fight back.”
Sounds all too familiar — but by the time awards season rolls around, who really thinks Weinstein gets his? Just look at late-night talk shows, which tackle Trump with ferocity; aside from John Oliver, not one host has addressed Weinstein’s bullying and sexual predation on air.
Not everyone knew? Tina Fey knew. Back in 2012, Fey’s sitcom “30 Rock” made direct reference. “I’m not afraid of anyone in show business,” Jane Krakowski’s character said. “I turned down intercourse with Harvey Weinstein on no less than three occasions . out of five.”
“Harvey’s Girls” has been an Internet meme since 2010 — the list of young blonde ingénues cast in Weinstein’s films, hyped as the next big thing, only to be cast aside.
“Tell Us What You Know About Harvey Weinstein’s ‘Open Secret’ ” showbiz site Defamer posted in 2015. The accompanying article alleged that the industry knew Weinstein was even worse than Bill Cosby.
Ashley Judd told the Times that most everyone knew. “Women have been talking about Harvey amongst ourselves for a long time,” she said, “and it’s simply beyond time to have the conversation publicly.”
“The media’s white whale,” former Us Weekly and Hollywood Reporter editor-in-chief Janice Min tweeted on Thursday. “Finally, finally, finally.”
No one knew? Even the world’s greatest actress can’t sell that line.

© Source: http://nypost.com/2017/10/09/no-one-knew-about-harvey-weinstein-give-me-a-break/
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At least 1 dead, 2 injured, 65,000 acres destroyed in horrific North Bay fires — WATCH LIVE

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Officials say at least one person has died, two have been injured and many more may be at risk in the North Bay fires that have been sweeping across the North Bay Monday.
Officials say at least one person has died, two have been injured and many more may be at risk in the North Bay fires that have been sweeping across the North Bay Monday. Over 65,000 acres across eight counties have burned as 1,500 structures have been destroyed. According to Cal Fire officials: the Tubbs Fire in Calistoage and Santa Rosa has burned 25,000 acres; the Atlas Fire has scorched 25,000 acres south of Lake Berryessa; the Patrick Fire west of Napa has scorched 2,000 acres; the Nuns Fire north of Glen Ellen has burned 5,000 acres; and two large brush have burned 10,000 acres in Mendocino County. All of the fires have no containment. Gov. Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency for fires, directing critical resources to help residents and firefighters. More than 103,000 PG&E customers are without power due to the fires, with the majority of outages in Napa and Sonoma Counties. All airlines serving Charles Schulz-Sonoma Co. Airport have canceled flights due to poor visibility from smoke. The closure could last days. So far, 20 flights have been cancelled at Charles Schulz, including 13 Alaska Airlines flights, 2 American Airlines flights and 5 United Airlines flights. The Tubbs Fire triggered the evacuation of Kaiser Permanente in Santa Rosa. Sutter Hospital in Santa Rosa was also evacuatedThe fires have also forced the closure of all public schools in Santa Rosa and Calistoga today. The fires in Mendocino County have triggered the closure of Redwood Valley and School Way from Hwy 101. Evacuations have been ordered along East Road, West Road, Tomki Road to Canyon Road in Willits, Golden Rule subdivision and Reeves Canyon. The Tubbs Fire crossed Highway 101 in Santa Rosa early this morning and ignited structures west of the freeway in the area of Kohl’s Department Store on Hopper Avenue. The highway remains closed in the area as of 1 p.m. The fire is believed to have begun late Sunday night near Highway 128 in Napa County. Windy and dry conditions were making it difficult to fight the fire. Wind was gusting in the areas up to 50 mph early this morning. Smoke from the fires spread throughout the Bay Area and has caused hazardous air in the region

© Source: http://abc7news.com/at-least-1-dead-2-injured-65000-acres-destroyed-in-horrific-north-bay-fires/2510205/
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Regulators have flip-flopped on legality of some bump stocks

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By NICHOLAS RICCARDI Associated Press Bump stocks like the ones found in the hotel room of the Las Vegas shooter have been around for two decades, but federal regulators have…
Bump stocks like the ones found in the hotel room of the Las Vegas shooter have been around for two decades, but federal regulators have flip-flopped about whether some versions are legal.
Bill Akins was the first person to file a patent for an attachment to a rifle stock that allows the recoil to rapidly depress the trigger and shoot faster.
The federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives initially let Akins sell his device. Then it ruled that the attachment illegally converted regular guns to machine guns.
The agency has found that current bump stocks on the market only speed the triggering of a gun rather than convert it to shoot multiple bullets per pull — and therefore are legal.
The National Rifle Association gas called for the ATF to review whether bump stocks comply with federal laws.
Gun control advocates, Democrats and some Republican members of Congress have called for a law to ban them.
Copyright 2017 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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Thousands forced to flee as wildfires sweep across California wine country

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At least 14 fires have destroyed an estimated 1,500 residential and commercial structures and have burned over 57,000 acres
Fast-moving wildfires raged across several counties in Northern California overnight, forcing the evacuation of at least two hospitals and numerous neighbourhoods early Monday, authorities said.
Firefighters were battling blazes in eight counties — Napa, Sonoma, Lake, Mendocino, Yuba, Nevada, Calaveras and Butte — officials said.
Janet Upton, a deputy director of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, said that at least 14 fires had destroyed an estimated 1,500 residential and commercial structures and had burned over 57,000 acres since late Sunday night. Thousands had been evacuated, she said.
Gov. Jerry Brown issued an emergency proclamation for Napa, Sonoma and Yuba counties, saying the fires had damaged critical infrastructure and threatened thousands of homes.
The heat, the lack of humidity and the winds are all driving a very dangerous situation and making it worse.
“This is really serious, it’s moving fast. The heat, the lack of humidity and the winds are all driving a very dangerous situation and making it worse,” the governor said at a morning news conference. “It’s not under control by any means. But we’re on it in the best way we know how.”
Upton said that there had been reports of injuries and residents unaccounted for. Asked whether any deaths had been reported, she said that she did not have an estimate but that, “we do fear the worst.”
The fires began at about 10 p.m. and were fanned by wind gusts moving faster than 80 km/h, Upton said. The worst fires in Northern California tend to hit in October, when dry conditions prime them to spread fast and far as heavy winds, known as north winds or diablo winds, buffet the region.
Upton said that conditions were critically dry, given the lack of moisture in the air and the buildup of grass, brush and trees.
“Combined, that’s a recipe for disaster,” she said.
Smoke billowed into the Bay Area, but the Marin County Fire Department reported that there were no separate fires in the area.
Reports suggested that residents in the region were caught unawares, many of them fleeing the area in cars and on foot as firefighters rushed to contain the outbreak. A number of roadways, including highways, were blocked by a fire.
Neighbourhoods in Santa Rosa, the county seat of Sonoma, were evacuated, according to the city manager, who said the Kaiser Permanente and Sutter hospitals were being cleared out.
Lisa Kaldunski, an operator at Sutter Santa Rosa Regional Hospital, said around 6:30 a.m. local time that the facility was being evacuated and that patients were being taken to other area hospitals.
Marc Brown, a spokesman for Kaiser Permanente, said about 130 patients had been evacuated from the Santa Rosa medical centre because of the fires.
The Lake and Mendocino county sheriffs’ offices ordered evacuations. The Butte County sheriff announced that there were two fires in the area and listed neighbourhoods where evacuation was mandatory.
Belia Ramos, chairwoman of the Napa County Board of Supervisors, said the county was dealing with three main fires. One has threatened more than 10,000 acres in northern Napa County, another has endangered 8,000 to 12,000 acres, and a third has affected about 2,000 acres, she said.
Ramos said the fires were moving quickly and unpredictably. She said she did not know how many people had been evacuated early Monday, but added that the areas being evacuated were large and densely populated.
“Certainly we know that the numbers are high,” she said. “As day breaks and we get a better handle on this situation, we’ll be able to update those numbers.”
California was hit by fires throughout the summer. Late last month, several blazes led to the evacuation of about 1,000 people in Southern California.
“I’ve been with the department for 31 years and some years are notorious and they’re burned in your memory,” Upton said. “I’m afraid that 2017 is going to be added to that list now.”

© Source: http://nationalpost.com/news/world/thousands-forced-to-flee-as-wildfires-sweep-across-california-wine-country
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Nobel economics laureate wants to spend prize 'irrationally'

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He was awarded a Nobel prize Monday for his work showing economic and financial decisions are not always rational, but mostly human.
He was awarded a Nobel prize Monday for his work showing economic and financial decisions are not always rational, but mostly human.
So it seems fitting that US economist Richard Thaler, 72, says he wants to spend his $1 million winnings «as irrationally as possible.»
In awarding the prize, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences praised Thaler for bringing behavioral economics into the mainstream — exploring the impact of psychological and social factors on individual or group decisions in the economy and financial markets.
Thaler told a press conference at the University of Chicago, where he teaches, he was «very much asleep» when he received the 4 am phone call informing him he had won.
«I had a pretty good idea what that might be,» he admitted, joking: «Unlike Bob Dylan, I do plan to go to Stockholm.»
Dylan kept silent for weeks after he was awarded last year’s Nobel prize for literature, although he eventually did accept the prize in the Swedish capital.
— The possession factor —
A professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Thaler was described by the Nobel jury as a pioneer in his field.
He is well known for co-founding «nudge» theory — which demonstrates how people can be persuaded to make decisions that leave them healthier and happier.
His book on the theory — co-authored with legal scholar Cass Sunstein — became a bestseller, influencing governments and companies with its original solutions to savings, consumption and public health issues.
Meanwhile, his notion of «paternal libertarianism» also became a point of reference for politicians, particularly under the Obama administration, during which Sunstein was a regulatory tsar.
On Monday, Thaler said 75 groups using the «nudge» or «boost» methods are currently advising governments and businesses.
The theory is based on the idea people make financial decisions by focusing primarily on short-term impact — and is used to encourage people to, for example, pay for parking spaces or get vaccinated.
Thaler also coined what he called the «possession factor,» which shows people have an aversion to loss, prioritizing what they already have — even if its value has deteriorated.
This results in financial decisions which are not always beneficial, such as putting off saving or investing when prices are rising.
The field of behavioral economics has another Nobel Prize winner in Milton Friedman, who won in 1976 — having upset classical economic theories arguing individuals act only in their best interests.
And Thaler acknowledged his work, too, has not always been warmly received.
«Economists don’t do a lot of embracing,» he said Monday, adding he does not believe he «changed anybody’s mind in 40 years.»
The Nobel economics committee also recognized behavioral economics in rewarding economist and sociologist Herbert Simon.
His work on «bounded rationality» — the concept that decision-making is affected by information, cognitive and time limitations — was rewarded in 1978.
Meanwhile in 2002, American-Israeli psychologist Daniel Kahneman — a colleague and co-author of Thaler — was awarded the prize for research on behavioral finance.
Other economists in the field recognized by the Academy include Angus Deaton, winner in 2015 for his analysis of consumption, poverty and welfare, and Robert Shiller in 2013 for his work on psychology’s influence financial markets.

© Source: http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/nobel-economics-laureate-wants-to-spend-prize-irrationally/article/504613
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