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What you should know about Zhou Youguang, inventor of pinyin

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NewsHubJanuary 15, 2017
China — An economist-turned-linguist, he forever changed how the world learns and types Chinese.
Zhou Youguang, who in 1958 invented pinyin – the romanized spelling system that linked ancient Chinese writing to the modern age – died Saturday in Beijing at the age of 111 , AP reports. Through his invention, he helped increase the literacy rate in China, and connected the language to the world.
Unlike most modern languages, traditional Chinese writing conveys one word through one character, or a compound of two or three. While delivering semantic information, the language discloses little phonetic information, making it difficult to pronounce the words without prior knowledge.
Though several other systems had tried to transliterate the language, pinyin , which means “spelled sounds,” has helped millions of Chinese stamp out illiteracy since its adaptation by the Chinese government some 60 years ago.
“One doesn’t know if that hadn’t happened, where the Chinese language would be now,” Jerome Packard, professor of linguistics and East Asian languages and cultures at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, tells The Christian Science Monitor. “Many others were used before that, but pinyin was the one, probably the best candidate, to be used on a worldwide basis … because it was so well-designed.”
In 2013, the county’s illiteracy rate was estimated to be about 5 percent , according to UNICEF, compared to estimates as high as 85 percent at some points earlier in the 20th century.
More recently, Pinyin has also become integral to the use of Chinese characters on computer keyboards and cellphones.
Pinyin was not designed to replace the traditional characters, but to act as a supplemental script to bridge the gap.
“It has helped [students] to learn putonghua , the national standard language. Before, I met a Cantonese and a Hokkien in foreign countries and couldn’t communicate – I had to speak English to them,” Mr. Zhou told The Guardian in 2008. “Without an alphabet you had to learn mouth to mouth, ear to ear. It’s a bridge to speech between Chinese people. »
Before turning to linguistics, Zhou was educated as an economist. As the Chinese government aimed to boost literacy throughout the country, he was drafted to lead the committee in developing an alphabetic system in 1955.
Since his prosecution by the authorities during the Cultural Revolution in 1969, Zhou, who received Western education at St. John’s University in Shanghai in the 1920s and once worked on Wall Street, remained relatively unknown in the country. Zhou was an outspoken critic of the Chinese government in his later years.
Today, the romanization system is the first step for Chinese schoolchildren and foreign students around the world to learn the most widely spoken language on the planet.
“He was a luminary in the field,” Packard says.
But Zhou insisted that he was just continuing an orthographic tradition that went back at early as the Qing Dynasty.
“I’m not the father of pinyin – I’m the son of pinyin ,» Zhou told the Guardian in 2008. «It’s [the result of] a long tradition from the later years of the Qing dynasty down to today. But we restudied the problem and revisited it and made it more perfect.”

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© Source: http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2017/0115/What-you-should-know-about-Zhou-Youguang-inventor-of-pinyin
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Beijing warns Trump: One China 'not negotiable'

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NewsHubBeijing on Saturday warned the US that the One China policy was non-negotiable, after Donald Trump suggested he could abandon the decades-old diplomatic principle and boost ties with Taiwan.
«It is not up for negotiation,» Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang said in a statement.
«There is only one China in the world, Taiwan is an inalienable region of China, and the government of the People’s Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing China. »
Trump has threatened to get tough with what he sees as unfair Chinese trade practices, and suggested that the One China policy could become a bargaining chip.
«Everything is under negotiation, including One China,» he told the Wall Street Journal in an interview published Friday.
Trump has already irked China by accepting a congratulatory phone call from Taiwan President Tsai Ing-Wen after he won the presidential election, upending decades of diplomatic precedent in which the White House has foregone direct communication with the leader of Taiwan.
Beijing considers the island to be a breakaway province to be brought back within its fold, by force if necessary.
«We urge the relevant party in the United States to realise the extreme sensitivity of the Taiwan issue and to respect commitments made by previous American governments (and) avoid undermining the healthy and stable development of bilateral relations,» Lu Kang added.
Beijing first warned the US president elect on the issue in December, after the billionaire businessman said he did not see why Washington must «be bound by a One China policy unless we make a deal with China having to do with other things, including trade».
The Asian giant said it could back «forces hostile to the US» if Trump followed through with his threats.
Trump also defended his controversial call with President Tsai in his interview with the Journal.
«We sold them $2 billion of military equipment last year. We can sell them $2 billion of the latest and greatest military equipment but we’re not allowed to accept a phone call» he said.

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Will Momentum be able to affiliate to Labour? How to negotiate a progressive Brexit

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NewsHubIn Momentum’s internal war, Jon Lansman has won. The group’s founder and owner has drawn up a hastily-approved constitution, which will force members to join Labour by 1 July 2017 or face expulsion. Lansman’s move is designed to neutralise Momentum’s Trotskyist wing, which has long resisted his reforms. Senior members such as Jill Mountford of the Alliance for Workers’ Liberty and former Militant member Nick Wrack, who are barred from Labour, will be forced out.
Mountford said : «This is a coup. We are not splitting and we are not going to be provoked by this. We are going to call a conference for grassroots activists and we will to seek to reverse these changes. The constitution has been imposed, we are going to continue to fight for a democratic organisation. »
Lansman’s ruthlessness has prompted the rare sight of Blairites praising the veteran Bennite (who I interviewed last year). It was, they wryly noted , the 88th anniversary of Stalin exiling Trotsky to Siberia. «Lansman is behaving like an absolute monarch,» said Richard Angell, the director of Progress.
But despite the coming purge, Labour MPs still baulk at the thought of the pro-Corbyn group affiliating to the party. «I will be opposing this with every fibre of my body,» vowed Tom Blenkinsop. But what are the chances of Momentum being permitted to affiliate? Under the current rules, the answer is non-existent — unless the group changes beyond recognition. Labour’s constitution states that groups which have «their own programme, principles and policy, or distinctive and separate propaganda» or which promote parliamentary or local government candidates (as Momentum does) shall be «ineligible for affiliation to the party. »
It is for this reason that other factions, such as Progress, the old right Labour First and the Bennite Campaign for Labour Party Democracy, are not officially affiliated. It is theoretically possible that the party could change its rules to accept applications from such groups. But in practice it is unlikely that either the NEC or the Labour conference would approve this hazard-strewn move. Even some of Corbyn’s NEC supporters are opposed to Momentum’s affiliation bid.
Were Labour’s rules to remain unchanged, Momentum itself would have to change. It would have to cease to be a pro-Corbyn faction and become a blander socialist society (no disrespect to the Fabians). Rather than a genuine affiliation bid, then, Lansman’s announcement looks more like a symbolic declaration. By stating that he wishes to affiliate, he has made it clear that those who don’t are not welcome.
Today, Open Britain and the Fabian Society have come together to try and answer some of the hard questions Brexit poses for the Left, and to outline the principles that should inform our approach to Brexit, in a new pamphlet. As an MP who campaigned for Remain representing an area that voted Leave I know how important it is for Labour to engage with the outcome of Brexit negotiations to ensure working people’s interests are protected.
It is fantastic that progressive groups are thinking about Brexit and going beyond the platitudes of “red, white and blue Brexit.” That’s why today[s document has been welcomed by Keir Starmer and the Shadow Brexit team and supported by Labour MPs.
Open Britain and the Fabian Society suggest six principles that should government Labour’s approach to Brexit, covering the economy, our foreign and security policies, immigration, the laws that protect our environment and rights at work, domestic economic reform, and the political way forward. This approach is aimed at preserving the best aspects of our EU membership, while respecting the result and tacking the underlying frustrations and pressures that led so many of Labour’s natural supporters to vote to leave the EU.
The greatest threat to working people is the spectre of a destructive hard Brexit, which would impose onerous and damaging tariffs, customs duties and red tape on our exports to, and imports from, the EU. This would mean fewer jobs, lower growth, and higher prices. A full 44 per cent of Britain’s exports go to the EU, making it comfortably our largest trading partner. A progressive Brexit approach to trade should prioritise three strands – continued participation in the single market and customs union, unless it can be proven empirically that doing so will not damage our economy; a rejection of the WTO model, which would dramatically increase barriers to trade; and a transitional arrangement, should one be necessary, to bridge the likely gap between Britain leaving the EU and a new, permanent trading arrangement being agreed.
This must be combined with action on immigration, which was such a powerful driver of the vote to leave the European Union. What the British people want is greater control over immigration without paying an economic cost. This must be our approach too, as we look for a new deal on immigration from the EU that includes, for example, tying free movement to those who have a job offer and arguing for sector-specific emergency brakes that could be applied in cases of identifiable economic stress. It is important to note that The Dutch Deputy PM is calling for reform and David Cameron’s «special status» renegotiation conceded the principle that rules could be altered in response to exceptional inflow of workers causing serious problems. At the same time, however, Labour must not abandon our internationalist, progressive principles. We should continue to welcome the immigrants our economy needs, and stand up for the European Union citizens who are already resident in this country, and now find their rights under threat.
Another priority must be an approach to security and foreign policy that keeps our streets safe and prevents strategic shrinkage. We should seek to maintain our current level of co-operation with Europe on security, including British participation in the European Arrest Warrant, Europol, and databases such as the Schengen Information System. At the same time, we must seek to prove to allies in Europe and the United States that we remain a serious partner on the world stage. That means maintaining the 0.7 per cent target for international aid spending, leading action against climate change, and continuing to play a full role in Nato, including maintaining the 2 per cent of GDP funding target.
One of the great achievements of the single market, one that has not been fully appreciated by some, is the swathe of common rules that protect workers, consumers, and our environment. Labour must stand for the maintenance and advance of these standards, and fight ceaselessly against the Tory instinct to seek a competitive advantage in making Britain the Sports Direct economy of Europe. While this future might appeal to some business tycoons, it would be a grim future for working people.
Tackling the root causes of frustration and alienation, especially in Labour communities, must be spearheaded by changes to our domestic economy. Action to rebalance our economy in favour of working people – through more training and skills funding, greater investment in regional economies, worker participation and a focus on exports – is long overdue. This will, however, be undermined without urgent action to replace the EU funding streams that currently benefit deprived areas of our country.
And ultimately, this whole approach must be undertaken in a spirit of consultation and consent that has been lacking from the Government. Parliament must be involved not grudgingly but willingly, by putting down a detailed plan before the House of Commons and accepting that MPs must vote on the triggering of Article 50. The devolved administrations, as well as local government leaders in the English regions, should be given a seat at the top table, rather than the occasional unenlightening meeting with David Davis.
Others will have their own valuable ideas about Labour’s response to Brexit. What is needed now is policy detail within the context of the enduring Labour values of equality and social justice, coupled with a commitment to human rights and internationalism. When the Prime Minister presents her «plan» there must be a credible Labour alternative – today marks the start of putting one together.
Phil Wilson MP is a leading supporter of Open Britain

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© Source: http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2017/01/will-momentum-be-able-affiliate-labour
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Prince Charles co-authors Ladybird meridian change book

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NewsHubPrince Charles has co-authored a Ladybird book on a hurdles and probable solutions to meridian change.
It is partial of a array for adults combined in a character of a obvious children’s books that aims to clearly explain difficult subjects.
The 52-page beam has been co-authored by former Friends of a Earth executive Tony Juniper and meridian scientist Emily Shuckburgh.
Mr Juniper pronounced he hoped a book would “stand a exam of time”.
Ladybird constructed a array of books for children in a 1960s and 1970s and has recently found renewed success with a operation of humorous books for adults.
Titles embody a Ladybird Book of a Mid-Life Crisis and a Ladybird Book of a Hangover.
The latest array involves experts explaining formidable subjects in elementary form.
Mr Juniper told a Mail on Sunday : “His stately highness, Emily and we had to work really tough to make certain that any word did a job, while during a same time operative with a cinema to broach a points we indispensable to make.
“I wish we’ve managed to paint a clear picture, and, like those iconic titles from a 60s and 70s, combined a pretension that will mount a exam of time.”
A edition executive for Penguin, that produces Ladybird books, suggested Clarence House had put a latest thought to a publisher.
Rowland White told a Sunday Times : “It was a fluke where we were meditative about a new array for adults after a outrageous success of a travesty books, though this time wanted some significant books by experts on science, story and humanities subjects.”
Penguin Books pronounced a title, that will be expelled on 26 January, had been review and reviewed by total within a environmental community.
The other books in a array are Quantum Mechanics by Jim Al-Khalili, and Evolution by Steve Jones.
In 2015 Ladybird Books distinguished a 100th anniversary.

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Sources: Suspect Shot By Police Following Suffolk County Car Chase

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NewsHubMEDFORD, N. Y. (CBSNewYork) — A suspect is in the hospital after being shot by police following a wild car chase overnight in Suffolk County.
Sources told CBS2 the chase began at around 2:30 a.m. in Patchogue. CBS2’s Ali Bauman reported. Police followed the suspect for five miles to North Ocean Avenue in Medford.
Police say the suspect, identified as a 34-year-old man, was shot one time in the shoulder and was taken to Stony Brook University Hospital for treatment.
Police say the suspect was being pursued for driving while intoxicated and resisted arrest.
Authorities say the suspect is expected to survive.
An investigation is ongoing.

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Germany-bound Eurowings plane from Oman lands in Kuwait over bomb threat

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NewsHubKUWAIT CITY, Jan. 15 (UPI) — The Kuwait Ministry of Interior on Sunday said there was not a bomb aboard a Eurowings plane flying from Oman to Germany that conducted an emergency landing.
The plane carrying 287 passengers and 10 crew was flying from Oman’s southern city of Salalah toward Cologne. The plane made an emergency landing at the Kuwait International Airport following suspicion there was a bomb aboard.
«The flight was diverted to Kuwait as a matter of precaution and in coordination with the relevant authorities and the pilot,» Eurowings, a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group, said in a statement .
Kuwait’s Interior Ministry said security personnel at the airport thoroughly searched the plane while taking all necessary precautions, state-run news agency KUNA reported.

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SpaceX returns to flight with successful launch

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NewsHubLast Updated Jan 14, 2017 9:27 PM EST
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifted 10 next-generation Iridium telephone satellites into orbit Saturday, a successful return to fight that should help restore confidence in the low-cost booster after a devastating launch pad explosion last September.
That dramatic conflagration likely was caused by super-cold oxygen in the booster’s second stage that worked its way beneath the carbon fiber outer skin of a high pressure helium tank, triggering the tank’s rupture and the near-instant destruction of the rocket and its $200 million satellite payload.
SpaceX has successfully launched a Falcon 9 rocket for the first time since its last effort, which resulted in an explosion on the launch pad. CB…
For Saturday’s flight, SpaceX engineers changed a variety of pre-launch procedures, loading RP-1 kerosene fuel and liquid oxygen earlier in the countdown than before to slightly raise temperatures around the helium tanks. The technique was used for an engine test firing earlier this month and went off without a hitch Saturday.
After brief concern about winds and a boat in the offshore danger zone, the slender 229-foot-tall rocket’s nine first stage engines thundered to life at 9:54 a.m. PST (GMT-8), throttled up to full power and majestically pushed the booster away from its seaside launch pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base northwest of Los Angeles.
Trailing a brilliant tongue of fiery exhaust, the Falcon 9 quickly arced away on a southerly trajectory as it climbed out of the dense lower atmosphere, its Merlin 1D engines generating a combined 1.5 million pounds of thrust.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket blasts off from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., successfully launching 10 Iridium telephone satellites Jan. 14, 2017. This was SpaceX’s first flight since a catastrophic launch pad explosion Sept. 1, 2016.
The first stage engines shut down about two-and-a-half minutes after launch. The stage then fell away and the single engine powering the Falcon 9’s second stage took over, its nozzle glowing bright red against the limb of the Earth, generating 210,000 pounds of thrust to continue the climb to space.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket sits on a California launch pad, set to lift off at 9:54 a.m. Pacific Time Saturday. The company’s return to space comes…
The first stage, meanwhile, flipped around and restarted three of its engines to reduce forward velocity and begin a descent to a SpaceX droneship stationed several hundred miles south of Vandenberg. Recovering stages for eventual refurbishment and reuse is a major element in company founder Elon Musk’s ongoing drive to reduce launch costs.
After a second engine firing to slow the booster still more for atmospheric entry, the stage plummeted tail first toward the Pacific Ocean, restarted a single engine, deployed four landing legs and settled to a picture-perfect touchdown on the droneship Just Read the Instructions.
The first stage of the Falcon 9 completed a successful descent to a SpaceX droneship stationed south of the launch site. It was SpaceX’s seventh successful landing in 12 attempts.
It was the company’s seventh successful landing in 12 attempts, its fifth on a droneship and the first for a Falcon 9 launched from Vandenberg.
But as with all Falcon 9 flights, the landing was a strictly secondary objective. The primary goal was to boost the 10 Iridium NEXT satellite telephone relay stations into orbit and the Falcon 9 did just that.
The second stage completed the first of two burns just over nine minutes after liftoff. A short three-second burn was executed 43 minutes later to complete the climb to an initial 488-mile-high orbit tilted 86.4 degrees to the equator.
Seven minutes after that, the 10 Iridium NEXT satellites were released in sequence from a dispenser mounted atop the second stage, the first batch in a planned 72-satellite network that will replace the company’s current fleet of aging low-Earth-orbit mobile voice and data relay stations.
The complex satellite-by-satellite swap-out will allow Iridium to retire first-generation relay stations that have operated long past their design life, replacing them with upgraded, more powerful spacecraft and expanding the company’s capabilities in an increasingly competitive commercial space operations environment.
“Frankly, it means our future, because we have to replace this network anyway,” Iridium CEO Matthew Desch said in an interview with CBS News last year. “I often think of it as one of the biggest tech refreshes in the world right now, with a new $3 billion constellation.”
Altogether, Iridium is paying SpaceX upwards of $500 million for seven Falcon 9 launches to boost 70 Iridium NEXT satellites into orbit, 10 at a time, over the next year or so. Two more will be launched aboard a different rocket.
“The new satellites are a lot more powerful, a lot more processing power, they’ve got a lot more memory, a lot more capacity, they actually expand our ability to support customers,” Desch said. And, he added, “they’re easier to operate.”
Engineers will spend three months testing each new satellite and carrying out a satellite-by-satellite swap-out, moving a new spacecraft into position near the vehicle it’s replacing and switching service from one to the other.
The Iridium network requires 66 satellites to provide global coverage, but the company plans to launch 15 in-orbit spares to provide immediate backup in case of an in-orbit malfunction and to serve as an insurance policy of sorts in the event of a launch failure.
An Iridium NEXT satellite.
As important as the Falcon 9 launching was to Iridium, it was even more important for SpaceX after an in-flight failure in June 2015 and the dramatic on-pad explosion Sept. 1 at Cape Canaveral.
The Falcon 9’s record of two failures in 29 rockets stands in contrast to the record of its major U. S. competitor, United Launch Alliance, which has launched 102 more expensive Atlas 5s and Delta 4s without a single failure. The European consortium Arianespace has successfully launched more than 75 Ariane 5s in a row.
But SpaceX enjoys widespread support in the satellite industry, in large part because of the Falcon 9’s innovative design and relatively low cost. With a list price of $60 million per booster, a Falcon 9 is roughly half the cost of rockets offered by its major competitors.
But lower costs cannot offset significantly higher risk, and industry analysts say SpaceX needs a string of successful flights to maintain its long-range goal of capturing a major share of the commercial launch market.
With a successful return to flight Saturday, SpaceX will now focus on working off a backlog of delayed payloads, launching a commercial communications satellite from Cape Canaveral later this month and a space station resupply mission in February. The first flight of a “used” Falcon 9 first stage is expected in the next few months.
Gwynne Shotwell, SpaceX president and CEO, said the company currently has about 70 flights on its manifest, a backlog valued at some $10 billion.
The Wall Street Journal reported Friday that SpaceX lost $260 million in the wake of the 2015 in-flight failure, launching just six missions that year instead of 12 that were originally planned.
It’s not known what impact the September failure might have on the company’s bottom line or how delays will ripple through its manifest. SpaceX launched eight flights in 2016 and was forced to delay at least seven more.
But Shotwell is optimistic, saying earlier this week that no customers have abandoned SpaceX. Bret Johnsen, SpaceX chief financial officer, said in a statement the company continues to enjoy “strong customer relationships.”
“Furthermore,” he said, “with over $1 billion in cash reserves and no debt, the company is in a financially strong position and is well positioned for future growth.”

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World diplomats in Paris to urge renewed Mideast peace talks

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NewsHubBy the Associated Press
Posted:
01/15/17, 8:10 AM PST | Updated: 12 secs ago
PARIS >> Fearing a new eruption of violence in the Middle East, more than 70 world diplomats gathered in Paris on Sunday to push for renewed peace talks that would lead to a Palestinian state.
The conference is meant to be a forceful message to U. S. President-elect Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu that much of the world wants peace and sees a two-state solution as the best way to achieve it in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
“A two-state solution is the only possible one,” French Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said in opening the conference, calling it “more indispensable than ever” to solve the protracted conflict.
Netanyahu has snubbed Sunday’s conference as “rigged” against Israel, and Trump’s incoming administration isn’t taking part.
The gathering is an “empty summit” that was cooked up behind Israel’s back and is designed to force conditions on the country that are against its national interests, Netanyahu said.
French diplomats fear Trump will unleash new tensions in the region by condoning settlements on land claimed by the Palestinians and potentially moving the U. S. Embassy from Tel Aviv to contested Jerusalem.
“Both parties are very far apart and their relationship is one of distrust — a particularly dangerous situation,” Ayrault said at the conference. “Our collective responsibility is to bring Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. We know it is difficult, but is there an alternative? No, there isn’t.”
U. S. Secretary of State John Kerry is in Paris defending American interests at the conference, in his last major diplomatic foray before he leaves office. It marks the end of eight years of failed U. S. efforts at Israeli-Palestinian diplomacy.
Netanyahu declined an invitation to a special meeting after the conference, and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas was initially expected, but his visit to Paris was postponed.
The Israeli prime minister said the gathering would do little to promote peace and marks the “last flutters of yesterday’s world.”
“Tomorrow will look different and tomorrow is very close,” he said in apparent reference to Trump’s incoming administration.
According to a draft statement obtained by The Associated Press on Friday, the conference will urge Israel and the Palestinians “to officially restate their commitment to the two-state solution.”
It also will affirm that the international community “will not recognize” changes to Israel’s pre-1967 lines without agreement by both sides.
The final conference declaration also may warn Trump against moving the embassy, a move that could be seen as recognizing Jerusalem as Israel’s capital after decades of insisting that the city’s status must be determined by direct negotiations.
Israeli and Palestinian leaders have not negotiated even indirectly since a failed U. S.-led peace effort in 2014.
While the conference was underway, a few hundred pro-Israel demonstrators, waving Israeli flags and placards denouncing the summit, gathered outside Israel’s embassy in Paris.
“The Palestinians and a number of Arab states have not expressed a will for peace,” Serge Klarsfeld, a well-known famous French Nazi hunter, said. “If it existed and if the Arab world recognized the existence of Israel, we would find the means to solve all the problems very quickly.”
The demonstrators loudly booed French lawmaker Pierre Lellouche when he took the podium and declared himself in favor of a “two-state solution” and the halting of Jewish settlements in the Palestinian territories.
Ariel Goldmann, president of the French Jewish association Fonds Social Juif Unifié, called the gathering a “mockery of dialogue, a mockery of peace, a historical mockery.” Goldmann said he was “sad that France is lending itself to such a maneuver.”
Aron Heller in Jerusalem, and Philippe Sotto and Alex Turnbull in Paris contributed to this report.

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Bahrain executes via firing squad three men accused of bombing

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NewsHubMANAMA, Bahrain, Jan. 15 (UPI) — Bahrain on Sunday executed via firing squad three men found guilty of a bomb attack that killed three police officers in 2014.
Bahrain News Agency , the official media wing for the government, reported Abbas al-Samea, Sami Mushaima and Ali al-Singace were executed in the presence of a judge, public prosecution representatives, the prison’s warden, a physician and a religious leader.
The men were convicted on allegations they planted an explosive device and lured policemen to investigate before detonating, killing officers Tareq Mohammed Al Shehi, Mohammed Raslan and Ammar Abdu Ali Mohammed, as well as injuring 13 other people.
Human rights organizations have criticized the executions due to concerns that key evidence may have been obtained through torture.
«Bahrain executed Abbas al-Samea, Ali al-Singace, Sami Mushaima. Torture, unfair trial + flimsy evidence: these are extrajudicial killings,» the United Nation’s Special Rapporteur on Extra-Judicial Executions said in a statement.
The Sunday executions are the first carried out in Bahrain since 2011, when anti-government protesters took part in an uprising.
«It is nothing short of an outrage — and a disgraceful breach of international law — that Bahrain has gone ahead with these executions,» Maya Foa, head of the British-based human rights group Reprieve, said in a statement, adding that the death sentences «were based on ‘confessions’ extracted through torture, and the trial an utter sham. «

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Arkansas tries to strip Gen. Lee from Martin Luther King Day

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NewsHubLITTLE ROCK, Ark. (AP) — Every third Monday in January, Arkansas state offices are closed in observance of an unlikely holiday: the shared birthdays of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee.
Only three states commemorate both men on the same day, a practice that critics say hurts Arkansas’ reputation. Now the Republican governor is reviving an effort to remove Lee from the holiday, but he faces resistance from opponents who complain the move belittles the state’s Confederate heritage and from black lawmakers worried about a plan to set aside another day to honor Lee.
“I think this provides our state an opportunity to bridge divides,” said Gov. Asa Hutchinson , who has vowed since early last year to make the change, which is part of his agenda for the legislative session that began last week.
Arkansas has had a holiday in honor of Lee since 1947 and one for King since 1983. That year, agencies required state employees to choose which two holidays they wanted off: King’s birthday on Jan. 15, Lee ’s birthday on Jan. 19 or the employee’s birthday. In 1985, the Legislature voted to combine holidays.
Alabama and Mississippi also honor the men on the same day.
Hutchinson ’s idea is not new. Two years ago, a similar proposal repeatedly failed before a House committee.
The renewed debate comes amid a nationwide re-evaluation of monuments and symbols linked to the Civil War, the Confederacy and slavery.
After the 2015 fatal shooting of nine black church members by a white gunman who had posed with the Confederate flag in photos, South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley called for the flag’s removal from the Statehouse. In Alabama, Gov. Robert Bentley took down four Confederate flags on the Capitol grounds.
Arkansas Democrats last year announced they would remove Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson’s names from the party’s annual fundraising dinner, joining a growing number of states distancing themselves from the slave-owning presidents.
As with the flag debate in other states, the King Day proposal has drawn the ire of groups that say removing Lee from the holiday is an affront to people whose ancestors served the Confederacy. In 2015, opponents regularly filled a House committee room to speak out against the idea.
“It’s like telling our Hispanic neighbors that we’re not going to do Cinco de Mayo. It’s like telling the Irish we’re not going to celebrate St. Patrick’s Day,” said Robert Edwards, commander of the Arkansas Division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. “I think it’s just a racist bill.”
The idea also raised complaints from lawmakers who question why any change is needed.
“We’re looking for a solution to a problem we don’t have,” Republican Rep. Josh Miller said. “I haven’t noticed any humongous Robert E. Lee parades that are taking place in conjunction with Martin Luther King Day.”
Supporters of ending the dual holiday include the city of Little Rock and Pulaski County, which passed resolutions last year endorsing the move. Proponents previously argued that the current holiday hurts the state’s efforts to attract businesses, an argument Hutchinson has not adopted. The 2015 bill was fueled in part by photos widely circulated on social media of a sign noting the shared King and Lee holiday.
“I think if Robert E. Lee were here today, he would say, ‘Move my birthday and Dr. King deserves recognition,’” Hutchinson said.
The governor faces resistance from past supporters by simultaneously calling for a day in October to remember Lee , although it would not be an official state holiday. Democratic Rep. Fred Love, who sponsored one of the two previous bills, said he’s unlikely to support Hutchinson ’s proposal if it includes a day for Lee.
The former chairwoman of the Legislative Black Caucus said a Lee Day would also give her pause. She suggested Hutchinson pursue that in a bill separate from the proposal giving King the holiday to himself.
“I don’t think my constituents would understand having a day that celebrates the head of the Confederate army that enslaved black folks,” Democratic Sen. Linda Chesterfield said. “But I think they truly will understand that it’s important for Dr. King ’s day to be a stand-alone day.”
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Follow Andrew DeMillo on Twitter at www.twitter.com/ademillo .
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